Journal: Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology

Article Title: Computational models for predicting bone fracture healing: a review of modeling approaches, predictions, and emerging strategies

doi: 10.1007/s10237-026-02061-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic representation of the DRF model: a 3D FEM of a distal radius fracture stabilized with a VRP2.0+ plate; b Callus region at the fracture site. Adapted from Liu et al.

Article Snippet: 3D poroelastic FEM , Deviatoric strain, interstitial fluid velocity , Seven coupled nonlinear PDEs governing MSCs, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts; mechanoregulation drives migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and matrix production; implemented in ABAQUS , Reproduced spatially and temporally healing: periosteal intramembranous ossification, sequential fibrous and cartilaginous formation in gap, endochondral ossification; higher loads (400–500 N) delayed or prevented healing; periosteal stripping and cartilage impairment led to delayed bridging , Comparison with previous phenomenological model; qualitative agreement with experimental observations , No vascularization or growth factor modeling; binary cell thresholds; neglect of volumetric growth , Isaksson et al. ( ) .

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